GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq: Duplicate Advisory SQL Injection Vulnerability

MODERATE
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CVSS 8.8
CWE-89
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq is a MODERATE (CVSS 8.8) sql injection vulnerability (CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves mysql v1 node executequery operation allows sql injection via unparameterized expression interpolation. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 8.8
CWE Classification CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 8.8

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required Low (PR:L)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability High (A:H)

How to Fix GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

n8n fixed: Latest secure release 
npm install n8n@Latest secure release
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls n8n

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls n8n

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls n8n command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'), where the product constructs all or part of an sql command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended sql command when it is sent to a downstream component. without sufficient removal or quoting of sql syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated sql query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as sql instead of ordinary user data. In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-hwmj-qg4v-cvg9. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description n8n before 1.123.61, 2.x before 2.27.4, and 2.28.x before 2.28.1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the legacy MySQL v1 node's executeQuery operation. The operation substitutes evaluated {{ ... }} expression values directly into the raw SQL string without parameterization. When a workflow uses this operation with expression-sourced values and is connected to an externally-reachable trigger (such as a Webhook node), attacker-controlled input reaching those expressions results in SQL injection, allowing execution of arbitrary SQL with the configured MySQL credentials' privileges. The MySQL v2 node, which uses parameterized queries, is not affected.

GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
n8n
npm/n8n
npm

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hwmj-qg4v-cvg9
NVD — GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59257
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-sql-... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-sql-injection-in-mysql-v1-executequery-operation-via-expression-interpolation

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq?
GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving MySQL v1 Node executeQuery Operation Allows SQL Injection via Unparameterized Expression Interpolation under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection').
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches across affected packages: n8n.
What version fixes GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is n8n affected?
Yes, n8n is affected in releases prior to Latest secure release. Upgrade your dependency to Latest secure release or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq?
GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq?
GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') (The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.).
How can I check npm dependencies for GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls n8n'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-2qp2-6frj-p9pq",
  "modified" : "2026-07-22T22:21:44Z",
  "published" : "2026-07-08T15:32:02Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-07-22T22:21:44Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: MySQL v1 Node executeQuery Operation Allows SQL Injection via Unparameterized Expression Interpolation",
  "details" : "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-hwmj-qg4v-cvg9. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nn8n before 1.123.61, 2.x before 2.27.4, and 2.28.x before 2.28.1 contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the legacy MySQL v1 node's executeQuery operation. The operation substitutes evaluated {{ ... }} expression values directly into the raw SQL string without parameterization. When a workflow uses this operation with expression-sourced values and is connected to an externally-reachable trigger (such as a Webhook node), attacker-controlled input reaching those expressions results in SQL injection, allowing execution of arbitrary SQL with the configured MySQL credentials' privileges. The MySQL v2 node, which uses parameterized queries, is not affected.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "n8n"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      } ]
    } ],
    "database_specific" : {
      "last_known_affected_version_range" : "< 1.123.61"
    }
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-hwmj-qg4v-cvg9"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59257"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-sql-injection-in-mysql-v1-executequery-operation-via-expression-interpolation"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-89" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-07-22T22:21:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-07-08T14:17:20Z"
  }
}