CVE-2025-21731: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability
HIGHCVE-2025-21731 is a HIGH (CVSS 7.8) security vulnerability vulnerability (CWE-416: Use After Free) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. The weakness occurs when the product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. at some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.
CVE-2025-21731 at a Glance
Security Impact
CVSS: 7.8
The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
How to Fix CVE-2025-21731
To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.
Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release:
mvn dependency:treeHow to Check if You Are Affected
To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-21731, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:
mvn dependency:treeAnalyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.
Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.
Technical Details
Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis
This vulnerability is classified under CWE-416: Use After Free, where the product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. at some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.
Source Advisory Statement
References
Frequently Asked Questions
What is CVE-2025-21731?
Which Software versions are affected?
What version fixes CVE-2025-21731?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21731?
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-21731?
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-21731?
Machine-readable OSV JSON
OSV v1.5 Schema
{
"schema_version" : "1.4.0",
"id" : "GHSA-2qfv-5w3v-jvfv",
"modified" : "2026-10-15T03:34:32Z",
"published" : "2025-02-27T03:34:02Z",
"aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-21731" ],
"details" : "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnbd: don't allow reconnect after disconnect\n\nFollowing process can cause nbd_config UAF:\n\n1) grab nbd_config temporarily;\n\n2) nbd_genl_disconnect() flush all recv_work() and release the\ninitial reference:\n\n nbd_genl_disconnect\n nbd_disconnect_and_put\n nbd_disconnect\n flush_workqueue(nbd->recv_workq)\n if (test_and_clear_bit(NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF, ...))\n nbd_config_put\n -> due to step 1), reference is still not zero\n\n3) nbd_genl_reconfigure() queue recv_work() again;\n\n nbd_genl_reconfigure\n config = nbd_get_config_unlocked(nbd)\n if (!config)\n -> succeed\n if (!test_bit(NBD_RT_BOUND, ...))\n -> succeed\n nbd_reconnect_socket\n queue_work(nbd->recv_workq, &args->work)\n\n4) step 1) release the reference;\n\n5) Finially, recv_work() will trigger UAF:\n\n recv_work\n nbd_config_put(nbd)\n -> nbd_config is freed\n atomic_dec(&config->recv_threads)\n -> UAF\n\nFix the problem by clearing NBD_RT_BOUND in nbd_genl_disconnect(), so\nthat nbd_genl_reconfigure() will fail.",
"severity" : [ {
"type" : "CVSS_V3",
"score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
} ],
"affected" : [ ],
"references" : [ {
"type" : "ADVISORY",
"url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21731"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-457936.html"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bef6222a3f6c7adb6396f77f25a3579d821b09a"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/844b8cdc681612ff24df62cdefddeab5772fadf1"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9793bd5ae4bdbdb2dde401a3cab94a6bfd05e302"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8ee6ecde2b7bfb58c8a3afe8a9d2b848f580739"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d208d2c52b652913b5eefc8ca434b0d6b757f68f"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e3be8862d73cac833e0fb7602636c19c6cb94b11"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e70a578487a47d7cf058904141e586684d1c3381"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7343fa33751cb07c1c56b666bf37cfca357130e"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"
}, {
"type" : "WEB",
"url" : "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"
} ],
"database_specific" : {
"cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-416" ],
"severity" : "HIGH",
"github_reviewed" : false,
"github_reviewed_at" : null,
"nvd_published_at" : "2025-02-27T02:15:16Z"
}
}