GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2: Duplicate Advisory Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

MODERATE
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CVSS 6.5
CWE-696
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2 is a MODERATE (CVSS 6.5) remote code execution vulnerability (CWE-696: Incorrect Behavior Order) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the npm ecosystem. The issue involves openclaw: nostr inbound dms could trigger unauthenticated crypto work before sender policy enforcement. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 2026.3.22.

GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2 at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2
Severity MODERATE
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 6.5
CWE Classification CWE-696: Incorrect Behavior Order
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem npm
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 6.5

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality None (C:N)
Integrity Low (I:L)
Availability Low (A:L)

How to Fix GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

openclaw fixed: 2026.3.22 
npm install openclaw@2026.3.22
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

npm ls openclaw

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Node.js application is affected by GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2, inspect your project dependencies using npm:

npm ls openclaw

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 2026.3.22), your application is affected.

Note: The npm ls openclaw command inspects dependencies declared in your package.json and lockfile; it does not perform automated runtime dynamic scanning.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-696: Incorrect Behavior Order, where the product performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways that may produce resultant weaknesses. In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

### Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-65h8-27jh-q8wv. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ### Original Description OpenClaw before 2026.3.22 performs cryptographic and dispatch operations on inbound Nostr direct messages before enforcing sender and pairing policy validation. Attackers can trigger unauthorized pre-authentication computation by sending crafted DM messages, enabling denial of service through resource exhaustion.

GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2 Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
2026.3.22
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
openclaw
npm/openclaw
npm
< 2026.3.22
2026.3.22

References

GitHub Advisory / Wiki ADVISORY
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-65h8-27jh-q8wv
NVD — GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35627
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1ee9611079e81b9122f4bed01abb3d9f56206c77
Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87
www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw... WEB
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unauthenticated-cryptographic-work-in-nostr-inbound-dm-handling

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2?
GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2 is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving OpenClaw: Nostr inbound DMs could trigger unauthenticated crypto work before sender policy enforcement under CWE-696: Incorrect Behavior Order.
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 2026.3.22 across affected packages: openclaw.
What version fixes GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2?
Upgrading to 2026.3.22 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is openclaw affected?
Yes, openclaw is affected in releases prior to 2026.3.22. Upgrade your dependency to 2026.3.22 or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2?
GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (MODERATE) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2?
GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2 is classified under CWE-696: Incorrect Behavior Order (The product performs multiple related behaviors, but the behaviors are performed in the wrong order in ways that may produce resultant weaknesses.).
How can I check npm dependencies for GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2?
Run the dependency tree command: 'npm ls openclaw'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2",
  "modified" : "2026-04-10T20:19:08Z",
  "published" : "2026-04-10T00:30:30Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-04-10T20:19:08Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw: Nostr inbound DMs could trigger unauthenticated crypto work before sender policy enforcement",
  "details" : "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-65h8-27jh-q8wv. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.3.22 performs cryptographic and dispatch operations on inbound Nostr direct messages before enforcing sender and pairing policy validation. Attackers can trigger unauthorized pre-authentication computation by sending crafted DM messages, enabling denial of service through resource exhaustion.",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L"
  }, {
    "type" : "CVSS_V4",
    "score" : "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "npm",
      "name" : "openclaw"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "2026.3.22"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-65h8-27jh-q8wv"
  }, {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35627"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1ee9611079e81b9122f4bed01abb3d9f56206c77"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unauthenticated-cryptographic-work-in-nostr-inbound-dm-handling"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-696" ],
    "severity" : "MODERATE",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2026-04-10T20:19:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : "2026-04-09T22:16:31Z"
  }
}