GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5: Duplicate Advisory Nano-id Reduced Entropy Due To Vulnerability

CRITICAL
Share
CVSS 9.4
CWE-331
Published
Advisory Summary

GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5 is a CRITICAL (CVSS 9.4) nano-id reduced entropy due to vulnerability (CWE-331: Insufficient Entropy) affecting Duplicate Advisory libraries in the crates.io ecosystem. The issue involves nano-id reduced entropy due to inadequate character set usage. Remediation is available by upgrading affected packages to version 0.4.0.

GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5 at a Glance

CVE Identifier N/A
GHSA Identifier GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5
Severity CRITICAL
CVSS v3.1 Base Score 9.4
CWE Classification CWE-331: Insufficient Entropy
Affected Product Duplicate Advisory
Package Ecosystem crates.io
Published Date
Last Updated

Security Impact

CVSS: 9.4

The security impact metrics below are parsed directly from the CVSS v3.1 vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L).

Attack Vector Network (AV:N)
Attack Complexity Low (AC:L)
Privileges Required None (PR:N)
User Interaction None (UI:N)
Scope Unchanged (S:U)
Confidentiality High (C:H)
Integrity High (I:H)
Availability Low (A:L)

How to Fix GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Duplicate Advisory dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

nano-id fixed: 0.4.0 
Upgrade nano-id to 0.4.0
Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

inspect dependencies for nano-id

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your application is affected by GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5, inspect your project dependencies for Duplicate Advisory:

inspect dependencies for nano-id

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Duplicate Advisory in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than 0.4.0), your application is affected.

Note: Verify declared build manifests and deployed runtime container environments.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-331: Insufficient Entropy, where the product uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others. In Duplicate Advisory, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-9hc7-6w9r-wj94. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description ## Description Affected versions of the nano-id crate incorrectly generated IDs using a reduced character set in the `nano_id::base62` and `nano_id::base58` functions. Specifically, the `base62` function used a character set of 32 symbols instead of the intended 62 symbols, and the `base58` function used a character set of 16 symbols instead of the intended 58 symbols. Additionally, the `nano_id::gen` macro is also affected when a custom character set that is not a power of 2 in size is specified. It should be noted that `nano_id::base64` is not affected by this vulnerability. ## Impact This can result in a significant reduction in entropy, making the generated IDs predictable and vulnerable to brute-force attacks when the IDs are used in security-sensitive contexts such as session tokens or unique identifiers. ## Patches The flaws were corrected in commit [a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23](https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id/commit/a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23) by updating the the `nano_id::gen` macro to use all specified characters correctly. ## PoC ```rust use std::collections::BTreeSet; fn main() { test_base58(); test_base62(); } fn test_base58() { let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new(); for _ in 0..100_000 { id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0343" for c in id.chars() { produced_symbols.insert(c); } } println!( "{} symbols generated from nano_id::base58", produced_symbols.len() ); } fn test_base62() { let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new(); for _ in 0..100_000 { id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0343" for c in id.chars() { produced_symbols.insert(c); } } println!( "{} symbols generated from nano_id::base62", produced_symbols.len() ); } ```

GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5 Affected Duplicate Advisory Versions

1 component(s)
Fixed Versions:
0.4.0
Product / Package Ecosystem Affected Versions Fixed Version
nano-id
 crates.io
< 0.4.0
0.4.0

References

Security Fix Commit FIX COMMIT
https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id/commit/a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23
Duplicate Advisory Source Repository REPOSITORY
https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id
rustsec.org/advisories/rustsec-... WEB
https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0343.html

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5?
GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5 is a security vulnerability in Duplicate Advisory involving nano-id reduced entropy due to inadequate character set usage under CWE-331: Insufficient Entropy.
Which Duplicate Advisory versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to 0.4.0 across affected packages: nano-id.
What version fixes GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5?
Upgrading to 0.4.0 (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
Is nano-id affected?
Yes, nano-id is affected in releases prior to 0.4.0. Upgrade your dependency to 0.4.0 or later.
What is the CVSS score of GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5?
GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.4 (CRITICAL) with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L.
What CWE is associated with GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5?
GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5 is classified under CWE-331: Insufficient Entropy (The product uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.).
How can I check crates.io dependencies for GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5?
Run the dependency tree command: 'inspect dependencies for nano-id'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5",
  "modified" : "2026-02-02T22:27:07Z",
  "published" : "2024-06-04T17:49:18Z",
  "withdrawn" : "2026-02-02T22:27:07Z",
  "aliases" : [ ],
  "summary" : "Duplicate Advisory: nano-id reduced entropy due to inadequate character set usage",
  "details" : "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-9hc7-6w9r-wj94. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\n## Description\n\nAffected versions of the nano-id crate incorrectly generated IDs using a reduced character set in the `nano_id::base62` and `nano_id::base58` functions. Specifically, the `base62` function used a character set of 32 symbols instead of the intended 62 symbols, and the `base58` function used a character set of 16 symbols instead of the intended 58 symbols. Additionally, the `nano_id::gen` macro is also affected when a custom character set that is not a power of 2 in size is specified.\n\nIt should be noted that `nano_id::base64` is not affected by this vulnerability.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis can result in a significant reduction in entropy, making the generated IDs predictable and vulnerable to brute-force attacks when the IDs are used in security-sensitive contexts such as session tokens or unique identifiers.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe flaws were corrected in commit [a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23](https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id/commit/a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23) by updating the the `nano_id::gen` macro to use all specified characters correctly.\n\n## PoC\n\n```rust\nuse std::collections::BTreeSet;\n\nfn main() {\n    test_base58();\n    test_base62();\n}\n\nfn test_base58() {\n    let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new();\n\n    for _ in 0..100_000 {\nid = \"RUSTSEC-2024-0343\"\n        for c in id.chars() {\n            produced_symbols.insert(c);\n        }\n    }\n\n    println!(\n        \"{} symbols generated from nano_id::base58\",\n        produced_symbols.len()\n    );\n}\n\nfn test_base62() {\n    let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new();\n\n    for _ in 0..100_000 {\nid = \"RUSTSEC-2024-0343\"\n        for c in id.chars() {\n            produced_symbols.insert(c);\n        }\n    }\n\n    println!(\n        \"{} symbols generated from nano_id::base62\",\n        produced_symbols.len()\n    );\n}\n```",
  "severity" : [ {
    "type" : "CVSS_V3",
    "score" : "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L"
  } ],
  "affected" : [ {
    "package" : {
      "ecosystem" : "crates.io",
      "name" : "nano-id"
    },
    "ranges" : [ {
      "type" : "ECOSYSTEM",
      "events" : [ {
        "introduced" : "0"
      }, {
        "fixed" : "0.4.0"
      } ]
    } ]
  } ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id/commit/a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23"
  }, {
    "type" : "PACKAGE",
    "url" : "https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0343.html"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ "CWE-331" ],
    "severity" : "CRITICAL",
    "github_reviewed" : true,
    "github_reviewed_at" : "2024-06-04T17:49:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at" : null
  }
}