CVE-2025-40209: Software Security Vulnerability Vulnerability

UNKNOWN
Advisory Identifier: GHSA-2833-8jvf-3588
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Advisory Summary

CVE-2025-40209 is a security vulnerability vulnerability (General Security Weakness) affecting Software libraries in the Maven ecosystem. Remediation is available in the latest vendor maintenance releases.

CVE-2025-40209 at a Glance

CVE Identifier CVE-2025-40209
GHSA Identifier GHSA-2833-8jvf-3588
Severity N/A
CVSS v3.1 Base Score N/A
CWE Classification General Security Weakness
Affected Product Software
Package Ecosystem Maven
Published Date
Last Updated

How to Fix CVE-2025-40209

To remediate this vulnerability, upgrade all affected Software dependencies to a patched release. Both direct and transitive dependencies should be checked, as frameworks or security libraries may pull in vulnerable versions transitively.

Verify Direct and Transitive Dependencies

Run the following command in your project directory to verify that all resolved dependencies use the patched release: 

mvn dependency:tree

How to Check if You Are Affected

To determine whether your Java application is affected by CVE-2025-40209, inspect your build dependencies using the Maven Dependency Plugin:

mvn dependency:tree

Analyze the terminal output to locate any version of Software in your dependency tree. If any resolved version matches the vulnerable ranges listed in the table below (for example, versions earlier than the patched release), your application is affected.

Note: The mvn dependency:tree command inspects the resolved dependency graph declared in your project's POM files; it does not perform automated security scanning or inspect runtime dynamic classpaths. Always verify runtime container classpaths and shaded JARs.

Technical Details

Vulnerability Mechanism & Technical Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under General Security Weakness. In Software, software state validation or input boundaries are circumvented during processing. Review the official source advisory statement below for specific affected components, classes, and reproduction details.

Source Advisory Statement

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix memory leak of qgroup_list in btrfs_add_qgroup_relation When btrfs_add_qgroup_relation() is called with invalid qgroup levels (src >= dst), the function returns -EINVAL directly without freeing the preallocated qgroup_list structure passed by the caller. This causes a memory leak because the caller unconditionally sets the pointer to NULL after the call, preventing any cleanup. The issue occurs because the level validation check happens before the mutex is acquired and before any error handling path that would free the prealloc pointer. On this early return, the cleanup code at the 'out' label (which includes kfree(prealloc)) is never reached. In btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_assign(), the code pattern is: prealloc = kzalloc(sizeof(*prealloc), GFP_KERNEL); ret = btrfs_add_qgroup_relation(trans, sa->src, sa->dst, prealloc); prealloc = NULL; // Always set to NULL regardless of return value ... kfree(prealloc); // This becomes kfree(NULL), does nothing When the level check fails, 'prealloc' is never freed by either the callee or the caller, resulting in a 64-byte memory leak per failed operation. This can be triggered repeatedly by an unprivileged user with access to a writable btrfs mount, potentially exhausting kernel memory. Fix this by freeing prealloc before the early return, ensuring prealloc is always freed on all error paths.

References

NVD — CVE-2025-40209 NVD
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40209
git.kernel.org/stable/c/3412d0e973... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3412d0e973e8f8381747d69033eda809a57a2581
git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4d9ebe23b... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4d9ebe23bcb79d9d057e3c995db73b7b3aae414
git.kernel.org/stable/c/f260c6aff0... WEB
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f260c6aff0b8af236084012d14f9f1bf792ea883

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-40209?
CVE-2025-40209 is a security vulnerability in Software classified as a security vulnerability vulnerability under General Security Weakness.
Which Software versions are affected?
Affected versions include releases prior to current release patches.
What version fixes CVE-2025-40209?
Upgrading to current release patches (or the latest patched release for your respective branch) resolves the vulnerability.
What CWE is associated with CVE-2025-40209?
CVE-2025-40209 is classified under General Security Weakness.
How can I check Maven dependencies for CVE-2025-40209?
Run the dependency tree command: 'mvn dependency:tree'. This command lists direct and transitive dependencies in your build configuration so you can verify if a vulnerable version is resolved.
Machine-readable OSV JSON OSV v1.5 Schema
Normalized schema output
View Raw JSON 
{
  "schema_version" : "1.4.0",
  "id" : "GHSA-2833-8jvf-3588",
  "modified" : "2025-11-21T12:32:23Z",
  "published" : "2025-11-21T12:32:23Z",
  "aliases" : [ "CVE-2025-40209" ],
  "details" : "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: fix memory leak of qgroup_list in btrfs_add_qgroup_relation\n\nWhen btrfs_add_qgroup_relation() is called with invalid qgroup levels\n(src >= dst), the function returns -EINVAL directly without freeing the\npreallocated qgroup_list structure passed by the caller. This causes a\nmemory leak because the caller unconditionally sets the pointer to NULL\nafter the call, preventing any cleanup.\n\nThe issue occurs because the level validation check happens before the\nmutex is acquired and before any error handling path that would free\nthe prealloc pointer. On this early return, the cleanup code at the\n'out' label (which includes kfree(prealloc)) is never reached.\n\nIn btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_assign(), the code pattern is:\n\n    prealloc = kzalloc(sizeof(*prealloc), GFP_KERNEL);\n    ret = btrfs_add_qgroup_relation(trans, sa->src, sa->dst, prealloc);\n    prealloc = NULL;  // Always set to NULL regardless of return value\n    ...\n    kfree(prealloc);  // This becomes kfree(NULL), does nothing\n\nWhen the level check fails, 'prealloc' is never freed by either the\ncallee or the caller, resulting in a 64-byte memory leak per failed\noperation. This can be triggered repeatedly by an unprivileged user\nwith access to a writable btrfs mount, potentially exhausting kernel\nmemory.\n\nFix this by freeing prealloc before the early return, ensuring prealloc\nis always freed on all error paths.",
  "severity" : [ ],
  "affected" : [ ],
  "references" : [ {
    "type" : "ADVISORY",
    "url" : "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40209"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3412d0e973e8f8381747d69033eda809a57a2581"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4d9ebe23bcb79d9d057e3c995db73b7b3aae414"
  }, {
    "type" : "WEB",
    "url" : "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f260c6aff0b8af236084012d14f9f1bf792ea883"
  } ],
  "database_specific" : {
    "cwe_ids" : [ ],
    "severity" : null,
    "github_reviewed" : false,
    "github_reviewed_at" : null,
    "nvd_published_at" : "2025-11-21T11:15:47Z"
  }
}